Provincial Uprisings Xinhai Revolution

1 provincial uprisings

1.1 changsha restoration
1.2 shaanxi uprising
1.3 jiujiang uprising
1.4 shanxi taiyuan uprising
1.5 kunming double ninth uprising
1.6 nanchang restoration
1.7 shanghai armed uprising
1.8 guizhou uprising
1.9 zhejiang uprising
1.10 jiangsu restoration
1.11 anhui uprising
1.12 guangxi uprising
1.13 fujian independence
1.14 guangdong independence
1.15 shandong independence
1.16 ningxia uprising
1.17 sichuan independence
1.18 nanking uprising
1.19 tibetan independence
1.20 mongolian independence
1.21 dihua , yili uprising
1.22 taiwan uprising

provincial uprisings

uprising map during xinhai revolution

after success of wuchang uprising, many other protests occurred throughout country various reasons. of uprisings declared restoration (光復) of han chinese rule. other uprisings step toward independence, , protests or rebellions against local authorities. regardless reason uprising outcome provinces in country renounced qing dynasty , joined roc.

changsha restoration

on october 22, 1911, hunan tongmenghui led jiao dafeng (焦達嶧) , chen zuoxin (陳作新). headed armed group, consisting partly of revolutionaries hongjiang , partly of defecting new army units, in campaign extend uprising changsha. captured city , killed local imperial general. announced establishment of hunan military government of republic of china , announced opposition qing empire.

shaanxi uprising

on same day, shaanxi s tongmenghui, led jing dingcheng (景定成) , qian ding (錢鼎) jing wumu (井勿幕) , others including gelaohui, launched uprising , captured xi after 2 days of struggle. muslim general ma anliang led more twenty battalions of hui muslim troops defend qing imperials , attacked shaanxi, held revolutionary zhang fenghui (張鳳翽). attack successful, after news arrived puyi abdicate, ma agreed join new republic. revolutionaries established qinlong fuhan military government , elected zhang fenghui, member of yuanrizhi society (原日知會), new governor. xi manchu city (滿城) fell on october 24, after massacre of 20,000 manchus in living there. many of manchu defenders committed suicide, including qing general wenrui (文瑞), threw himself down well.

jiujiang uprising

on october 23, lin sen, jiang qun (蔣群), cai hui (蔡蕙) , other members of tongmenghui in province of jiangxi plotted revolt of new army units. after achieved victory, announced independence. jiujiang military government established.

shanxi taiyuan uprising

on october 29, yan xishan of new army led uprising in taiyuan, capital city of province of shanxi, along yao yijie (姚以價), huang guoliang (黃國梁), wen shouquan (溫壽泉), li chenglin (李成林), zhang shuzhi (張樹幟) , qiao xi (喬煦). managed kill qing governor of shanxi, lu zhongqi (陸鍾琦). announced establishment of shanxi military government yan xishan military governor. yan xishan later become 1 of warlords plagued china during known warlord era .

kunming double ninth uprising

on october 30, li genyuan (李根源) of tongmenghui in yunnan province joined cai e, luo peijin (羅佩金), tang jiyao, , other officers of new army launch double ninth uprising (重九起義). captured kunming next day , established yunnan military government, electing cai e military governor.

nanchang restoration

on october 31, nanchang branch of tongmenghui led new army units in successful uprising. established jiangxi military government. li liejun elected military governor. li declared jiangxi independent , launched expedition against qing official yuan shikai.

shanghai armed uprising

chen qimei, military governor of shanghai

on november 3, shanghai s tongmenghui, guangfuhui , merchants led chen qimei (陳其美), li pingsu (李平書), zhang chengyou (張承槱), li yingshi (李英石), li xiehe (李燮和) , song jiaoren organized armed rebellion in shanghai. received support of local police officers. rebels captured jiangnan workshop on 4th , captured shanghai after. on november 8, established shanghai military government , elected chen qimei military governor. become 1 of founders of roc 4 big families, along of well-known families of era.

guizhou uprising

on november 4, zhang bailin (張百麟) of revolutionary party in guizhou led uprising along new army units , students military academy. captured guiyang , established great han guizhou military government, electing yang jincheng (楊藎誠) , zhao dequan (趙德全) chief , vice governor.

zhejiang uprising

also on november 4, revolutionaries in zhejiang urged new army units in hangzhou launch uprising. zhu rui (朱瑞), wu siyu (吳思豫), lu gongwang (吕公望) , others of new army captured military supplies workshop. other units, led chiang kai-shek , yin zhirei (尹銳志), captured of government offices. eventually, hangzhou under control of revolutionaries, , constitutionist tang shouqian (湯壽潛) elected military governor.

jiangsu restoration

on november 5, jiangsu constitutionists , gentry urged qing governor cheng dequan (程德全) announce independence , established jiangsu revolutionary military government cheng himself governor. unlike of other cities, anti-manchu violence began after restoration on november 7 in zhenjiang. qing general zaimu (載穆) agreed surrender, because of misunderstanding, revolutionaries unaware safety guaranteed. manchu quarters ransacked, , unknown number of manchus killed. zaimu, feeling betrayed, committed suicide. regarded zhenjiang uprising (鎮江起義).

anhui uprising

members of anhui s tongmenghui launched uprising on day , laid siege provincial capital. constitutionists persuaded zhu jiabao (朱家寶), qing governor of anhui, announce independence.

guangxi uprising

on november 7, guangxi politics department decided secede qing government, announcing guangxi s independence. qing governor shen bingkun (沈秉堃) allowed remain governor, lu rongting become new governor. lu rongting later rise prominence during warlord era 1 of warlords, , bandits controlled guangxi more decade. under leadership of huang shaohong, muslim law student bai chongxi enlisted in dare die unit fight revolutionary.

fujian independence

one of old guangfuhui addressing in lianjiang county, fujian

in november, members of fujian s branch of tongmenghui, along sun daoren (孫道仁) of new army, launched uprising against qing army. qing viceroy, song shou (松壽), committed suicide. on november 11, entire fujian province declared independence. fujian military government established, , sun daoren elected military governor.

guangdong independence

near end of october, chen jiongming, deng keng (鄧鏗), peng reihai (彭瑞海) , other members of guangdong s tongmenghui organized local militias launch uprising in huazhou, nanhai, sunde , sanshui in guangdong province. on november 8, after being persuaded hu hanmin, general li zhun (李準) , long jiguang (龍濟光) of guangdong navy agreed support revolution. qing viceroy of liangguang, zhang mingqi (張鳴岐), forced discuss local representatives proposal guangdong s independence. decided announce next day. chen jiongming captured huizhou. on november 9, guangdong announced independence , established military government. elected hu hanmin , chen jiongming chief , vice governor. qiu fengjia known have helped make independence declaration more peaceful. unknown @ time if representatives european colonies of hong kong , macau ceded new government.

shandong independence

on november 13, persuaded revolutionary din weifen (丁惟汾) , several other officers of new army, qing governor of shandong, sun baoqi, agreed secede qing government , announced shandong s independence.

ningxia uprising

on november 17, ningxia tongmenghui launched ningxia uprising (寧夏會黨起義). revolutionaries sent yu youren zhangjiachuan meet dungan sufi master ma yuanzhang persuade him not support qing. however, ma did not want endanger relationship qings. sent eastern gansu muslim militia under command of 1 of sons ma qi crush ningxia gelaohui. ningxia revolutionary military government established on november 23. of revolutionaries involved included huang yue (黃鉞) , xiang shen (向燊), gathered new army forces @ qinzhou (秦州).

sichuan independence

on november 21, guang organized great han shu northern military government.

on november 22, chengdu , sichuan began declare independence. 27th, great han sichuan military government established, headed revolutionary pu dianzun (蒲殿俊). qing official duan fang (端方) killed.

nanking uprising

1911 battle @ ta-ping gate, nanking. painting t. miyano.

on november 8, supported tongmenghui, xu shaozhen (徐紹楨) of new army announced uprising in molin pass (秣陵關), 30 km (19 mi) away nanking city. xu shaozhen, chen qimei , other generals decided form united army under xu strike nanking together. on november 11, united army headquarters established in zhenjiang. between november 24 , december 1, under command of xu shaozhen, united army captured wulongshan (烏龍山), mufushan (幕府山), yuhuatai (雨花臺), tianbao city (天保城) , many other strongholds of qing army. on december 2, nanking city captured revolutionaries after battle of nanking. on december 3, revolutionary su liangbi led troops in massacre of large number of manchus (the exact number not known). shortly afterward arrested, , troops disbanded.

tibetan independence

in 1905, qing sent zhao erfeng tibet retaliate against rebellions. 1908, zhao appointed imperial resident in lhasa. zhao beheaded in december 1911 pro-republican forces. bulk of area historically known kham xikang administrative district, created republican revolutionaries. end of 1912, last manchu troops escorted out of tibet. thubten gyatso, 13th dalai lama, returned tibet in january 1913 sikkim, had been residing. when new roc government apologised actions of qing , offered restore dalai lama former position, replied not interested in chinese ranks, tibet had never been subordinated china, tibet independent country, , assuming spiritual , political leadership of tibet. because of this, many have read reply formal declaration of independence. chinese side ignored response, , tibet had thirty years free of interference china.

mongolian independence

at end of 1911, mongols took action armed revolt against manchu authorities unsuccessful in attempt. independence movement took place not limited north (outer) mongolia pan-mongolian phenomenon. on december 29, 1911, bogd khan became leader of mongol empire. inner mongolia became contested terrain between khan , republic. in general, russia supported independence of outer mongolia (including tannu uriankhai) during time of xinhai revolution. tibet , mongolia recognized each other in treaty.

dihua , yili uprising

in xinjiang on december 28, liu xianzun (劉先俊) , revolutionaries started dihua uprising (迪化起義). led more 100 members of geilaohui. uprising failed. on january 7, 1912, yili uprising (伊犁起義) feng temin (馮特民) began. qing governor yuan dahua (袁大化) fled , handed on resignation yang zengxin, because not handle fighting revolutionaries.

in morning of january 8, new yili government established revolutionaries, revolutionaries defeated @ jinghe in january , february. because of abdication come, yuan shikai recognized yang zengxin s rule, appointed him governor of xinjiang , had province join republic. eleven more former qing officials assassinated in zhenxi, karashahr, aksu, kucha, luntai , kashgar in april , may 1912.

the revolutionaries printed new multi-lingual media.

taiwan uprising

in 1911 part of xinhai revolution, tongmenghui sent luo fu-xing (羅福星) island of taiwan free being occupied japanese. goal bring taiwan island chinese republic having taiwan uprising (台灣起義). luo caught , killed on march 3, 1914. left known miaoli incident , (苗栗事件) more 1,000 taiwanese executed japanese police. luo s sacrifice commemorated in miaoli.