Geography Hidalgo (state)

1 geography

1.1 mountains
1.2 mexican plateau
1.3 valleys
1.4 water

geography

canyon south of peña del aire, in huasca de ocampo, part of barranca de metztitlán biosphere reserve.

the terrain of state rugged. @ lowest point few meters above sea level , on 3,300 meters above sea level @ highest.

the state divided 3 geographical regions: atlantic coastal plain, sierra madre oriental (mountain ranges), , mexican plateau (altiplano meridional), contains highest peaks. each of these regions distinct each other.

mountains

the sierra alta region part of sierra madre oriental mountain system, , in temperate climate zone of state. of hidalgo’s main peaks located here, including cerro del aguila, cerro del santo roa, , cerrro de agua fria. there cerro la aguja de calnali, volcanic cinder cone. many of hidalgo’s caves located here, such as: texcatete in zacualtipan; texcapa in tepehuacan; , tecamachal , villacastla in molango.

the sierra baja located in sierra madre oriental system , characterized small plains surrounded stony peaks. there 5 major canyons located here, take names rivers form them, south north: amajac, meztitlan, amolon, mezquititlan , tolantongo. although lower temperate sierra alta, sierra baja still has temperate climate due strong, moist winds flow northeast.

basaltic prisms of santa maría regla

the sierra gorda mountain range branch of sierra madre oriental crosses northwest hidalgo , ends in san luis potosí. these mountains of volcanic origin. tula , moctezuma rivers meet here, waters cut moctezuma canyon, has walls 480 meters high.

the sierra de tenango or sierra norte de puebla mountain range begins 1 side of valley of tulancingo , extends down huasteca region of puebla , veracruz states. range known sierra de huayacocotla, low lying mountains of humid, cloudy temperate climate frequent rain in summer. 2 of hidalgo’s main dams, tejocotal , omitemetl located on rivers here, , part of necaxa hydroelectrical system.

la comarca minera mining district in mountains around pachuca , real del monte. cerro de las navajas located here, mountain made of obsidian. mining district , mountains extend pachuca north towards municipality of huasca, east towards actopan. pachuca extends short ways south mineral de la reforma , comarca. in of region there extensive mining, both of precious metals lead , building stone, such sandstone , marble. on 38 million kilograms of silver , 200 tons of fine gold have been extracted since spanish colonial era began in 16th century. equals weight of stone used build tembleque aqueduct. in additions mines, area home extensive forests of oyamel fir, pines. , oaks. many of peaks rocky , barren such zumate in omitlan, peñas cargadas in real del monte , peña del conejo in san jeronimo.

mexican plateau (altiplano meridonal) in municipality of apan, southern hidalgo.


mexican plateau

the mexican plateau (altiplano meridonal) or central high plains centered around municipality of apan, best known major pulque-producing area, , major producer of barley beer-making. in pre-historic times, area huge lake, of 3 small lakes remain today. are: apan, exists during rainy season; tocha or atocha, swamp; , tecocomulco shallow , filled reeds. soils here of volcanic origin local volcanoes such tepozán, jehuingo, coatzengo, , tecajete. climate of area cold frequent freezes in winter.

tulancingo valley, temperate zone.


valleys

the valley of tulancingo has temperate climate average year round temperature of 15c. bordered sierra de tenango , highlands of apan. large fertile valley extensive agriculture.

the northern part of valley of mexico located within state, separated area in mexico city found series of low lying mountains. part of valley extends tizayuca towards pachuca. separated valley of mezquital sierra de tezontlalpan , rest of valley of mexico low lying sierra de los pitos. climate here temperate , semi arid occasional freezes. except forests on mountain tops, flora , fauna found in more arid regions such maguey, yucca, rabbits, armadillos , mesquite trees.

since many of mountains surrounding pachuca lack tree cover, little slows prevailing winds can reach speeds of 120 km per hour. gives capital city nickname of la bella airosa (beautiful windy city).

the valley of mezquital 3 valleys called actopan, ixmiquilpan , tasquillo flat areas known tula , alfajayucan. vegetation of semi arid regions mesquite trees , various types of cacti growing. areas tree cover near streams , other water sources , on mountain tops of peaks. despite this, region considered hidalgo’s granary, growing corn, beans, wheat, tomatoes, onions, oats, olives, cactus fruit, tejocote , more. produces more half of alfalfa , green chili peppers in mexico. due lack of rainfall, irrigation areas above , below ground streams important. however, 1 of areas of mexico highest levels of malnutrition. valley averages 2000 meters above sea level , has temperate climate freezes being rare.

tula river, in municipality of mixquiahuala.


water

principal rivers include tula, amajac , metztitlan. other rivers in state flow these three, such rosas, cuautitlan, guadalupe , salado, flow tula river. 1 exception san juan river, forms part of state’s border querétaro. river flows pánuco river in san luis potosí. amajac begins in sierra de pachuca , flows southeast. metztitlan river begins @ state’s border puebla state , flows metztitlan lake. principal lakes in state metztitlan, zupitlan or tulancingo, san antonio, pueblilla , carrillos. state has significant number of sulfur , hot water springs such la cantera in tula, mixquiahual , vito in atotonilco, tephé in ejido tephé, humedades y dios padra in ixmiquilpan , tolantongo , textacapa in cardonal.