History Carnoustie

1 history

1.1 toponymy
1.2 history
1.3 origin
1.4 industrial history
1.5 development dormitory town
1.6 tourism , recreation

history
toponymy

karnousty depicted on timothy pont s map c1583-96.

the origin of name carnoustie uncertain. plausible suggestions have included various gaelic derivations such cathair, càrr or càrn na fheusta, fort, rock or cairn of feast, or càrn guithais, cairn of firtree. however, these suggestions of relatively recent origin , name may derive obscure pictish element, càrn Ùstaidh.

folk etymology suggests name has later, anglic origin. name supposed derive scots craws nestie , referring large number of crows inhabit area. tradition alluded in coat of arms of carnoustie, includes pair of crows. other, less possibilities include derives cairn of host or cairn of heroes in memory of supposedly perished @ battle of barry.

ultimately origin of name unknown predates town several hundred years. earliest record of carnowis in 1510 charter of james iv archibald douglas, 5th earl of angus. carnussie farm recorded in balmerino abbey register of c1575, states (along part of grange of barry , badiehill) feued fairny family , karnousty farm can seen on pont s map of lower angus, c1583-96. town seen carnowstie in deed of sale 1595, carnushie appears in tax roll balmerino abbey in 1617, , lands of carnouslie referred in title deeds confirming purchase george maule, 2nd earl of panmure in 1672. adair perhaps first depict carnoustie current spelling in 1703, while roy s military survey of scotland, 1747–55 has cornisty . in webster s topographical dictionary of scotland (1819), carnoustie mentioned carnuistie .

early history

camus stone

the area surrounding carnoustie has been occupied continuously since neolithic period, evidenced cursus monument, identified cropmarks near woodhill. cursus of similar scale characterised, mid-4th century bc enclosure found nearby @ douglasmuir near friockheim. numerous stones incised cup , ring marks have been found in surrounding area. assemblage of late neolithic pottery fragments found @ carlogie, half mile north of carnoustie, has been interpreted evidence of settlement of age in area.

bronze age archaeology present in area. numerous short cist burials have been found in area, including 1 found in 1994 @ west scryne, mile north-east of carnoustie, radiocarbon dated between 1730 , 1450 bc. presence of bronze age round barrows @ craigmill indicated cropmarks. iron age, perhaps prominent remains of dundee law hill fort, iron age fort @ craigmill den being less known. near carnoustie can found souterrains @ carlungie , ardestie, date around 2nd century ad. several brochs found in area, including ruins @ drumsturdy , @ craighill. roman remains found in area. particularly notable temporary marching camps @ kirkbuddo, marcus , finavon, , roman coins have periodically been found nearby.

pictish remains found in abundance in surrounding area. class sculptured stones aberlemno , strathmartine can seen in mcmanus galleries in dundee while class dunnichen stone on loan meffan institute in forfar. class stone can seen in situ @ aberlemno, , stone appears recycled neolithic stone, having cup , ring marks apparent on side. class ii stones can seen @ aberlemno , glamis , much-misinterpreted class iii stone (known locally camus cross) can found 4 miles (6.4 km) north of carnoustie @ camuston hill on panmure estate. linked in misinterpretation camus stone christian pictish cemetery situated west of lochty burn, in vicinity of high street. soil in vicinity sandy , prone wind erosion, , periodically human remains became exposed surface prior founding of town. popular interpretation great battle had taken place @ site, giving rise legend of battle of barry.

the medieval period marks earliest recorded history in area. arbroath abbey founded william lion , dedicated in 1178 , earldom of dundee granted david, earl of huntingdon around 1182 (dundee later gained royal burgh status in 1292 on coronation of david s heir, john balliol). closer carnoustie, number of medieval mottes can found, including @ old downie, thanage can traced duncan of downie in 1254, , @ grange of barry, ruins of panmure castle where, said, william lion signed panmure charter granting lands of panmure philip de valognes in 1172. original castle destroyed @ point in second war of independence, possibly in 1336.

the parish of barry bestowed monks of balmerino abbey in fife alexander ii in 1230. monks managed lands grange of barry , latterly land controlled office of bailies of barry, holder of position being sir thomas maule of panmure in 1511.

a number of feus granted in parish around time, including ravensby in 1539, gedhall david gardyne in 1541, half of barry links , cowbyres walter cant in 1545 , other half of links robert forrester in 1552. document around time details rent charged each of farms in area, , in see first mention of carnoustie:

2 part of grange of barrie 10s. land of ye same 9 aikers of badihill. , toun , lands of carnussie set ffairny 25 li. 2s. 24 capons 20 puld.

the land annexed state in protestant reformation following act of parliament in 1587 , bailiery of barry granted james vi heritable gift patrick maule in 1590. ownership of lands granted king james elphinstone, secretary of state in 1599 (ratified 1605), , sold george maule, 2nd earl of panmure in 1667 (ratified in 1672) £746 13s 4d. land forfeited following james maule, 4th earl of panmure s involvement jacobite rebellion in 1715.

the first recorded owners of barony of panbride morham family, ancestral name malherbe. first mentioned in relation panbride in registers of arbroath abbey in charter of john morham made in mid-13th century. thought had possession of land until 1309 when robert conferred land brother in law, alexander fraser, lord chamberlain of scotland. fraser died @ battle of dupplin moor in 1332 , thought david ii conferred barony (at least in part) boyce family in 1341.

the lands of panbride fragmented , passed through number of hands point, , gradually acquired carnegie family, later become earls of northesk, in 16th century. lands forfeited following jacobite rebellion bought james carnegie in 1764. carnegie used lands purchase lands near main estate , barony of panbride passed william maule, linking panbride panmure.

origin

carnoustie, c. 1900

the lands of carnoustie remained in ownership of fernie family until end of 16th century. in 1595 had passed hands of mitchell downie , margaret fernie sold them robert bultie, burgess of dundee sum of 5,000 merks. came possession of alexander family, around beginning of 17th century, , documents dating middle of century mention village of carnoustie. estate sold patrick lyon of strathmore around 1680, , remained in family s ownership, passing through marriage james milne, wealthy shipmaster montrose around 1752.

the barry parish register attests small thriving community based largely on linen weaving existing on land became carnoustie @ least 18th century (before then, place of residence not listed in records). around fifth of births registered in parish in mid-18th century listed being in carnoustie estate.

the stimulus triggered expansion of town undoubtedly sudden increase in demand linen around 1760, caused population explosion of mid-18th century. handloom weaving relatively easy trade learn and, @ time, prosperous career. in 1792 on return india, major william phillips, former valet earl of panmure, purchased carnoustie estate james milne £5,000. phillips recognised potential of local industry when offered portions of land feu in 1797.

the first person take feu thomas lowson, local loom wright, rented 2 acres (8,100 m) of land near new road had been been marked out david gardyne of ravensby. on next few years, more , more people settled in immediate area venture proved profitable , phillips sold property in 1808 george kinloch £11,000.

kinloch promoted further growth of village, setting brickworks , granting loans prospective feuers allow them settle and, mid-19th century, population of town had risen more thousand. many years, village known feus . perhaps first cartographic depiction of town french maritime chart of 1803, village shown feux , while thomson s 1832 map of area shows feus being number of properties, largely concentrated in area west of lochty burn.

industrial history

the handloom linen weaving industry dominated carnoustie s economy through years. flax grown in considerable quantities in area , supplemented imports riga , st petersburg. predominant occupation listed in 1841 census , 1843 statistical account barry parish of linen hand loom weaver . expansion in linen industry supported population increase in barry parish 796 in 1791 2,124 time of 1841 census.

aside linen industry, economy rested on agriculture , fishing. major crops of period cereal , vegetables; of sold on markets in local towns. cattle raised export england. salmon caught in nets on carnoustie beach, , small fishing fleets of westhaven , easthaven caught cod export , haddock largely destined dundee , forfar. lobsters caught live export london , crabs caught local use.

the arrival of dundee , arbroath railway in 1838 encouraged major industrial growth in town , shortly after, vitriol works opened near railway line, on ground west of town, producing sulphuric acid used largely in production of agricultural fertiliser. panbride bleachfield, @ linen expanding local industry bleached opened john dickson in 1840s adjacent railway near mouth of craigmill burn on land occupied david murray transport. supplied water burn via ponds can seen in grounds of panbride house, location of liz mccolgan health club.

james smieton s panmure works, built 1857. housing d.j. laing

in 1851, shoe maker john winter opened shop near cross. business grew such built large factory in 1874 @ foot of east path (now park avenue/queen street), employing 200 people , producing 2,000 pairs of shoes , boots week. son, george, took on business , built impressive mansion, winterdyne, overlooks carnoustie house grounds @ top of queen street. production ceased in 1958, , lousen park sheltered housing complex subsequently built @ site.

the linen industry in carnoustie modernised in 1857 opening of panmure works james smieton. factory, @ height employed 600 employees, state-of-the-art facility containing 400 modern power looms , produced 6 million yards of linen , jute annually. smieton built new housing on number of streets in surrounding area employees and, in 1865, opened panmure works institute on kinloch street provided library, billiards room , hall education , recreation of workers. firm went through several changes of ownership through history , owned w. g. grant & co ltd 1932 until 1972 when went liquidation.

the smaller taymouth linen works opened in 1867 west of panmure works , vitriol works, , @ height contained 100 power looms. again, additional housing built owners, brodies, including taymouth terrace. 1898 taymouth works had become home business of george anderson, owner of arbroath foundry. george anderson & co. ltd. produced example, quarrying equipment such channelling machines. business evolved anderson-grice co. ltd. produced range of mechanical equipment, including short-lived dalhousie motor car.

development dormitory town

in addition bringing industry carnoustie, opening of railway made town appealing middle classes, used commuter town dundee, further boosting population growth in town. trend has continued present day point half of employed population commute dundee work.

tourism , recreation

carnoustie links, circa 1910

carnoustie benefited 19th century fashion sea bathing. arrival of railway enabled town develop popular tourist destination; promoted brighton of north in 20th century.

while golf has been played on barry links since 16th century formal 10 hole golf course laid out in 1850 design of alan robertson of st andrews. later improved in 1867 old tom morris, added further 8 holes. course redesigned in 1920s james braid. in 1891, arthur george maule ramsey, 14th earl of dalhousie, sold links town on condition maintained time golf course. three-day bazaar held @ kinnaird hall in dundee, raised funds purchase , secured future of links golfing , leisure.

tourism in carnoustie began decline in latter half of 20th century, largely due increased availability of package tours warmer parts of world. trend has reversed increase in golf tourism.