History Tejano

1 history

1.1 spanish government
1.2 mexican government
1.3 20th century

history
spanish government

as 1519, alonso alvarez de pineda claimed area texas spain. spanish monarchy paid little attention province until 1685. in year, crown learned of french colony in region , worried might threaten spanish colonial mines , shipping routes. king carlos ii sent ten expeditions find french colony, unsuccessful. between 1690 , 1693 expeditions made texas region, , acquired better knowledge of provincial government , settlers came later.

tejano settlements developed in 3 distinct regions: northern nacogdoches region, bexar–goliad region along san antonio river, , frontier between nueces river , rio grande, area used largely ranching. these populations shared characteristics, yet independent of 1 another. main unifying factor shared responsibility defending northern frontier of new spain. of first settlers isleños canary islands. families among first reside @ presidio san antonio de bexar in 1731 (modern-day san antonio, texas). after, established first civil government @ la villa de san fernando.

ranching major activity in bexar-goliad area, consisted of belt of ranches extended along san antonio river between bexar (san antonio area) , goliad. nacogdoches settlement located farther north , east. tejanos nacogdoches traded french , anglo residents of louisiana, , culturally influenced them. third settlement located north of rio grande, toward nueces river. ranchers there citizens of spanish origin tamaulipas , (what now) northern mexico, , identified spanish criollo culture.

in 1840 northern mexican states of nuevo león, coahuila, , tamaulipas seceded mexico establish la república del río grande (the rio grande republic) capital in laredo, texas. did not maintain status , became part of mexico again.

mexican government

by 1821 @ end of mexican war of independence, 4,000 tejano lived in mexican texas alongside lesser number of foreign settlers. in addition, several thousand mexicans lived in areas of paso del norte (now el paso, texas) , nuevo santander, incorporating laredo , rio grande valley.

during 1820s, many settlers united states , other nations moved mexican texas, settling in eastern area. passage of national colonization law encouraged immigration, granting them citizenship if declared loyalty mexico. 1830, 30,000 recent settlers in texas (who english speakers united states) outnumbered hispanos tejano 6 one.

the texians , tejano alike rebelled against attempts government centralize authority in mexico city , other measures implemented santa anna. tensions between central mexican government , settlers resulted in texas revolution. revolution raised tensions in area between tejano , texians.

20th century

in 1915 insurgents in mexico wrote manifesto circulated in town of san diego, in south texas. manifesto plan de san diego called on hispanics reconquer southwest , kill english speakers. numerous cross-border raids, murders, , sabotage took place. texas rangers suppressed insurrection. tejanos repudiated plan. according benjamin h. johnson, desire affirm united states loyalty resulted in founding league of united latin american citizens (lulac). headed professionals, business leaders, , progressives, , became central tejano organization promoting civic pride , civil rights.

other sources attribute founding of organization in 1929 largely tejano veterans of world war wanted improve civil rights mexican-american citizens of united states, socially discriminated against in texas. american citizens admitted members , there emphasis on education , assimilation advancement.

in 1963, tejanos in crystal city organized politically , won elections; candidates dominated city government , school board. move signaled emergence of modern tejano politics. in 1969–70, different tejano coalition, la raza unida party, came office in crystal city. new leader josé angel gutiérrez, radical nationalist worked form chicano nationalist movement across southwest, 1969-79. promoted cultural terminology (chicano, aztlan) designed unite militants; movement split competing factions in late 1970s.