Structure Fallopian tube

microscopic view, stain, of fallopian tube

a cross section of fallopian tube shows 4 distinct layers: serosa, subserosa, lamina propria , innermost mucosal layer. serosa derived visceral peritoneum. subserosa composed of loose adventitious tissue, blood vessels, lymphatics, outer longitudinal , inner circular smooth muscle coats. layer responsible peristaltic action of fallopian tubes. lamina propria vascular connective tissue. there 2 types of cells within simple columnar epithelium of fallopian tube (oviduct). ciliated cells predominate throughout tube, numerous in infundibulum , ampulla. estrogen increases production of cilia on these cells. interspersed between ciliated cells peg cells, contain apical granules , produce tubular fluid. fluid contains nutrients spermatozoa, oocytes, , zygotes. secretions promote capacitation of sperm removing glycoproteins , other molecules plasma membrane of sperm. progesterone increases number of peg cells, while estrogen increases height , secretory activity. tubal fluid flows against action of ciliae, toward fimbrial end.

in view of longitudinal variation in histological features of tube, isthmus has thick muscular coat , simple mucosal folds; whereas ampulla has complex mucosal folds.

development

embryos have 2 pairs of ducts let gametes out of body; 1 pair (the müllerian ducts) develops in females fallopian tubes, uterus , vagina, while other pair (the wolffian ducts) develops in males epididymis , vas deferens.

normally, 1 of pairs of tubes develop while other regresses , disappears in utero.

the homologous organ in male rudimentary appendix testis.