Chess against computers Garry Kasparov

1 chess against computers

1.1 32 simultaneous computers, 1985
1.2 deep thought, 1989
1.3 deep blue, 1996
1.4 deep blue, 1997
1.5 deep junior, 2003
1.6 x3d fritz, 2003

chess against computers
32 simultaneous computers, 1985

kasparov played against thirty-two different chess computers in hamburg, winning games, difficulty.

deep thought, 1989

kasparov defeated chess computer deep thought in both games of two-game match in 1989.

deep blue, 1996

in february 1996, ibm s chess computer deep blue defeated kasparov in 1 game using normal time controls, in deep blue - kasparov, 1996, game 1. kasparov bounced 3 wins , 2 draws in remaining 5 games, , won match 4–2.

deep blue, 1997

in may 1997, updated version of deep blue defeated kasparov 3½–2½ in highly publicized six-game match. match after 5 games kasparov lost in game 6. first time computer had ever defeated world champion in match play. documentary film made famous matchup entitled game over: kasparov , machine.

kasparov claimed several factors weighed against him in match. in particular, denied access deep blue s recent games, in contrast computer s team, study hundreds of kasparov s.

after loss kasparov said saw deep intelligence , creativity in machine s moves, suggesting during second game, human chess players, in contravention of rules, intervened. ibm denied cheated, saying human intervention occurred between games. rules provided developers modify program between games, opportunity said used shore weaknesses in computer s play revealed during course of match. kasparov requested printouts of machine s log files ibm refused, although company later published logs on internet. later, suggested behavior kasparov noted may have resulted glitch in computer program. although kasparov wanted rematch, ibm declined , ended deep blue program.

kasparov s loss deep blue inspired creation of game arimaa.

deep junior, 2003

kasparov wore 3d glasses in match against program x3d fritz.

in january 2003, engaged in six-game classical time control match $1 million prize fund billed fide man vs. machine world championship, against deep junior. engine evaluated 3 million positions per second. after 1 win each , 3 draws, final game. after reaching decent position kasparov offered draw, accepted deep junior team. asked why offered draw, kasparov said feared making blunder. planned annual event, match not repeated.

deep junior first machine beat kasparov black , @ standard time control.

x3d fritz, 2003

in november 2003, engaged in four-game match against computer program x3d fritz, using virtual board, 3d glasses , speech recognition system. after 2 draws , 1 win apiece, x3d man–machine match ended in draw. kasparov received $175,000 result , took home golden trophy. kasparov continued criticize blunder in second game cost him crucial point. felt had outplayed machine overall , played well. made 1 mistake unfortunately 1 mistake lost game.