War of the Confederation .281836.E2.80.931839.29 Chile–Peru relations

what led chile form liberation army (composed of peruvians , chileans) invasion of chile chilean exiles in peru-bolivia under leadership of ramon freire, under support of andres de santa cruz. invasion of freire failed, situation had escalated bad relations between peru-bolivia , chile. first attack liberation army came without declaration of war, , santa cruz offended these actions chile sponsoring. nonetheless, in order avoid war, santa cruz proposed treaty of peace keep relations between both nations @ ease. seeing chance @ formally setting forth cause war, chile sent ultimatum santa cruz among dissolution of peru-bolivian confederation included. santa cruz agreed dissolution of confederation, , chile declared war upon confederation. @ same time, argentine confederation saw chance stop meddling of santa cruz in northern argentina , declared war upon peru-bolivia.

the first battles of war heavily disputed both sides, came in favor of santa cruz. argentina s first major attempt became last northern provinces, whom sympathetic of santa cruz, began major revolt against war. left combined forces of chile , peru alone in war against santa cruz , peru-bolivian troops (some under command of former chilean officers such ramon freire , french officer named juan blanchet). first major attack of liberation army turned major disaster people of south peru turned against liberation force, , santa cruz persuaded commander of these troops sign peace agreement confident chile accept stated (along several other things) debt of peru chile repaid. in chile, war @ first met opposition chilean society did not approve of war. still, after assassination of important political figure in chile, situation became matter of national pride. in chilean congress, votes turned against peace treaty , several of military officers had lost @ first battle court martialed.

the second campaign attack santa cruz better organized excellent commanders such chilean manuel bulnes prieto , peruvian ramon castilla. time fought , won important victory in battle of portada de guias, , liberation force able enter city of lima. lima , majority of rest of north peru met liberation army approval, , appointed agustin gamarra provisional president. victory short-lived, though, liberation army retreated heard of major army arrive under command of santa cruz. meanwhile, in southern pacific, confederate naval attack on chile failed, victory of mixed blessings 1 confederate ship sunk majority of chilean ships badly , heavily damaged. although santa cruz s army began once again win series of skirmishes , battles, series of uprisings took nation instability. santa cruz not everywhere @ once, , decided first finish war liberation forces , next deal insurrections. came next surprising military defeat of confederate troops liberation forces confederate forces began split on opinions , commanding skills of manuel bulnes prieto proved superior santa cruz, killed during battle.

following this, peru once again unified, , agustin gamarra attempted lead invasion bolivia. attack utterly failed, gamarra killed, , peru , bolivia entered war. bolivia once again invade peru but, without gamarra, ramon castilla became prominent military figure of peru , troops dispatched defensive. success in defense resulted in peruvian victories returned both peru , bolivia former status quo. although relations between peru , bolivia find friendly point in terms defense of both nations, peru , chile once again showed heavy improvements in international relations peru paid chilean assistance war , later in past debt owed original liberation of peru spain. major conflict between these nations became trade in pacific ocean, lack of land border left topic solely commercial problem. far concerned chilean society, peru nation s closest ally against possible invasion argentina; , far concerned peruvian society, chile had faithfully aided peru in maintaining independence. political leadership of ramon castilla in peru further bring peaceful relations chile.