Counselor Athena

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silver coin showing athena scylla decorated helmet , heracles fighting nemean lion (heraclea lucania, 390-340 bc)


according pseudo-apollodorus s bibliotheca, athena guided hero perseus in quest behead medusa. twelve metopes on temple of zeus @ olympia depict athena aiding heracles twelve labors. presented stern ally , gentle... acknowledger of achievements.


in odyssey, odysseus cunning , shrewd nature wins athena s favour. first part of poem, however, largely confined aiding him afar, implanting thoughts in head during journey home troy. guiding actions reinforce role protectress of heroes, or, mythologian walter friedrich otto dubbed her, goddess of nearness, due mentoring , motherly probing. not until washes on shore of island of phaeacians, nausicaa washing clothes athena arrives provide more tangible assistance. appears in nausicaa s dreams ensure princess rescues odysseus , plays role in eventual escort ithaca.


athena appears odysseus upon arrival, disguised herdsman; lies , tells him penelope, wife, has remarried , believed dead, odysseus lies her, employing skillful prevarications protect himself. impressed resolve , shrewdness, reveals herself , tells him needs know in order win kingdom. disguises him elderly beggar not recognized suitors or penelope, , helps him defeat suitors.


athena appears odysseus s son telemachus. actions lead him travel around odysseus s comrades , ask father. hears stories of odysseus s journey. athena s push telemachos s journey helps him grow man role, father once held. plays role in ending resultant feud against suitors relatives. instructs laertes throw spear , kill eupeithes, father of antinous.








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