20th century Chilean literature

1 20th century

1.1 criollismo
1.2 chilean poetry 1900–1925
1.3 imaginismo

1.3.1 comparison chart between criollismo , imaginismo


1.4 la mandrágora
1.5 neocriollismo
1.6 children s literature

20th century
criollismo

also known costumbrismo, criollismo literary movement active end of 19th century first half of twentieth century. extension of realism, portrayed scenes, customs , manners of writer s country, hints of patriotism. first centenary of chilean independence in 1910 fed patriotic spirit of nation , writers, , saw renewed emphasis of rural life in contrast traditional focus on urban life source , background of stories. in prose literature, baldomero lillo s sub terra , sub sole among important, mariano latorre s zurzulita , cuna de cóndores (cradle of condors) , federico gana s días de campo (country days). key drama works included antonio acevedo hernández Árbol viejo (old tree), , chañarcillo .

chilean poetry 1900–1925

during first quarter of twentieth century, new chilean literary scene emerged: avant-garde movement. first manifestation of movement flores de cardo (thistle flowers) pedro prado in 1908, work broke metric restraints , rules of poetry. prado published el llamado del mundo (the call of world) , los pájaros errantes (the wandering birds) in 1913 , 1915, , founded artistic group los diez architect julio bertrand. in 1916.

on december 22, 1914, gabriela mistral - later win nobel prize in literature - won juegos florales de santiago poetry contest, first recognition great talent. in 1919, gabriela mistral published desolación , work won nobel prize in literature in 1945. desolación , tala , lagar of important poetic works. in 1914, vicente huidobro published arte del sugerimiento (the art of suggestion) , non serviam , 2 works initiated creacionismo movement saw poem new thing, created author sake of itself. huidrobro published manifesto of movement in book el espejo de agua (the water mirror) in 1916. Ángel cruchaga, poet of generation, took love main topic , known sadness of poems. in 1915, published las manos juntas (holding hands), characteristic work. pablo de rokha used poetry portray anarchic, combative , controversial view of world. key works include el folletín del diablo , los gemidos , published in 1920 , 1922 respectively. in 1938, pablo de rokha founded , managed publishing house multitud , distributed books in united states, russia , latin america. in period, between 1914 , 1925, juan guzmán cruchaga published junto al brasero (beside brazier), la mirada inmóvil (the motionless gaze), lejana (far), la fiesta del corazón (party of heart), , anthology agua de cielo (water of heaven).

during 20th century, neo-modernist , avant-garde chilean poets found fame beyond chilean borders. gabriela mistral won first latin american nobel prize of literature, followed fellow chilean pablo neruda. father of creacionismo movement, vicente huidobro, contributed internationalization of chilean literature.

chilean nobel prize winner pablo neruda

pablo neruda published works crepusculario , veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada in 1923 , 1924, prelude great success have in next quarter century.

imaginismo

chilean imagism literary trend started in 1925 in opposition criollismo, accused of being nationalist, narrow , lacking imagination. imaginist writers moved away elements used inspiration previous generations (everyday life, rural life , fight against nature). imaginist group, made of writers Ángel cruchaga santa maría, salvador reyes, hernán del solar, luis enrique délano , manuel eduardo hübner, broke prominent literary critics of time. luis enrique délano said in article origin of imagism: had not decided innovate @ all, had common sense chilean literature full of criollismo , cloying , heavy.

one achievement of imaginist group, along of prominent criollista writers, creation magazine letras . although editorial line of magazine imaginist, important criollista writers collaborated , aimed create international dialogue art , literature. contributors included augusto d halmar, mariano latorre, marta brunet, luis durand, rosamel del valle, juan marín , jacobo danke among others.

comparison chart between criollismo , imaginismo

la mandrágora

la mandrágora (spanish mandrake) chilean surrealist group founded on 12 july 1938 braulio arenas (1913–1988), teófilo cid, enrique gómez correa , jorge cáceres (who still teenager @ time). group met in talca , 1932, braulio arenas exchanging ideas teófilo cid , enrique gómez. 1935, these ideas had become more developed, , in 1938, held kind of initiation ceremony reading surrealist poems , texts @ university of chile. went on publish magazine called, group, la mandrágora (seven issues produced on small scale, december 1938 october 1943), anthology of poetry, el agc de la mandrágora, (the agc of mandrake) included works founders except teófilo cid. politically, group supported popular front. among main achievements of group publication of la mandrágora , promoted surrealist movement in chile; conference held @ university of chile in 1939, surrealist exhibition held in biblioteca nacional de chile (national library of chile) in 1941, , international surrealist exposition in galleria dédalo in santiago in 1948. braulio arenas published magazine leit-motiv 1942 1943, contributions andré breton, benjamin péret , aimé césaire, linking la mandrágora french surrealists.

vicente huidobro

they known critique of modern chilean poetry , chilean writers pablo neruda , vicente huidobro. group began separate in 1949. in 1957, braulio arenas, enrique gómez correa , jorge cáceres published anthology el agc de la mandrágora , included surrealist dictionary , bibliography of chilean surrealism.

neocriollismo

the first half of 1940s saw emergence of generación neocriollista de 1940 (neo criollista generation of 1940). neocriollistas — name can translated neo traditionalist - put great emphasis on local customs , wanted portray life of common people in social , human way. key factor influenced ideology turbulent political times lived in, group members committed marxism , left-wing political activism. 1 of important writers of generation nicomedes guzmán, known including social topic in works, such social , economic inequality, exploitation, misery in suburban life, moral degradation in poverty, , corruption in power. among important works los hombres oscuros (the dark men), la sangre y la esperanza (blood , hope), la luz viene del mar (light comes sea), , una moneda al río y otros cuentos (a coin river , other tales), published in 1939, 1943, 1951 , 1954. other key writers of generation were:

gonzalo drago, works cobre (copper), book of stories struggles , hard life of miners, published in 1941; surcos (grooves), collection of stories peasants published in 1948; , el purgatorio (purgatory), novel describes author s experiences conscript during military service, published in 1951. andrés sabella , volodia teitelboim, works norte grande (big north) , hijo del salitre (son of saltpeter), both describing lives of saltpeter miners in north of chile. francisco coloane , nicasio tangol, wrote life in extreme south of chile. nicasio tangol revealed traditions , myths of southern island of chiloe, chilean patagonia , native peoples of extreme region. francisco coloane described man s struggles in southern seas in works cabo de hornos , el último grumete de la baquedano (cape hornos , last boy of baquedano), both published in 1941. maité allamand , marta brunet wrote work inspired rural life. brunet s play montaña adentro (into mountain) notable use of rural language , peasant slang portray life in country, while allamand put special emphasis on children s literature , 1 of pioneers of genre.

children s literature

the first children s literature published in chile date period when printing press introduced in chile around 1812. these texts educational , religious books, written spanish priests in order educate children. in 20th century when several magazines children founded, including revista de los niños (the kids magazine) in 1905, chicos y grandes (kids , grownups) in 1908, , el penaca - 1 lasted next decades. around same time, 2 children s books agustín edwards mac-clure published: aventuras de juan esparraguito (the adventures of juan little asparagus ) , el niño casi legumbre (the bean boy).

another precursor of children s literature in chile blanca santa cruz ossa compiled stories , myths frrom chile , other countries, including cuentos rumanos (romanian tales, 1929), cuentos maravillosos del japón (marvellous tales japan, 1935), cuentos de españa (tales spain, 1936), cuentos ingleses (english tales,1936), las hadas en francia (fairies in france, 1936), leyendas de la selva (legends of jungle, 1936), leyendas moriscas (moorish legends, 1936), cuentos mitológicos griegos (greek myths , tales, 1937), cuentos italianos (italian stories, 1938), cuentos servios (serbian stories, 1939), cuentos chinos (chinese stories, 1940), orejones y viracochas: diego de almagro (big ears , viracochas, 1943), sangre y ceniza: narración novelesca de la conquista de chile (blood , ashes: fictional narrative of conquest of chile, illustrated coré, 1946), cuentos chilenos , (chilean stories, illustrations elena poirier, 1956) cuentos bretones (breton tales, 1973), el duende del pantano y otros cuentos de bretaña (the swamp troll , other tales of britain).

gabriela mistral, 1945

maité allamand, carmen de alonso , marta brunet wrote children s literature inspired chilean folklore. allamand produced works alamito el largo (the little long poplar, 1950) while brunet wrote cuentos para marisol (tales marisol, 1938) , por qué el petirrojo tiene el pecho rojo (why robins have red chest, 1938). around time, gabriela mistral composed poetry dedicated children, in works tala , ternura .

in 1964, subsidiary of ibby (international board on books young people) set in chile, bringing group of writers promote literature children , young people. among writers taking part marcela paz ( papelucho ), first director of chilean ibby, maité allamand, chela reyes, gabriela lezaeta, maría silva ossa, amalia réndic , pepita turina. on years, organization became important meeting place writers , great promoter of children s , youth literature. other important contributors ibby included alicia morel, lucía gevert, cecilia beuchat, maría eugenia coeymans, felipe alliende, víctor carvajal, saúl schkolnik, manuel peña muñoz, héctor hidalgo, manuel gallegos maría luisa silva, jacqueline balcells , ana maría güiraldes.