Legacy Xinhai Revolution

1 legacy

1.1 social influence
1.2 historical significance
1.3 modern evaluation

legacy
social influence

after revolution, there huge outpouring of anti-manchu sentiment through china, particularly in beijing thousands died in anti-manchu violence imperial restrictions on han residency , behavior within city crumbled manchu imperial power crumbled. anti-manchu sentiment recorded in books short history of slaves (奴才小史) , biographies of avaricious officials , corrupt personnel (貪官污吏傳) laoli (老吏).

during abdication of last emperor, empress dowager longyu, yuan shikai , sun yat-sen both tried adopt concept of manchu , han 1 family (滿漢一家). people started exploring , debating on root cause of national weakness. new search of identity new culture movement. manchu culture , language, on contrary, has become virtually extinct 2007.

unlike revolutions in west, xinhai revolution did not restructure society. participants of xinhai revolution military personnel, old-type bureaucrats, , local gentries. these people still held regional power after xinhai revolution. became warlords. there no major improvements in standard of living. writer lu xun commented in 1921 during publishing of true story of ah q, ten years after xinhai revolution, nothing changed except manchus have left kitchen . economic problems not addressed until governance of chiang ching-kuo in taiwan , deng xiaoping on mainland.

the xinhai revolution got rid of feudalism (fengjian) late imperial china. in usual view of historians, there 2 restorations of feudal power after revolution: first yuan shikai; second zhang xun. both unsuccessful, feudal remnants returned china cultural revolution in concept called guanxi, people relied not on feudal relationships, personal relationships, survival. while guanxi helpful in taiwan, on mainland, guanxi necessary done.

historical significance

the xinhai revolution overthrew qing government , 2 thousand years of monarchy. throughout chinese history, old dynasties had been replaced new dynasties. xinhai revolution, however, first overthrow monarchy , attempt establish republic spread democratic ideas throughout china. though in 1911 @ provisional government welcome ceremony, sun yat-sen said, revolution not yet successful, comrades still need strive future. (革命尚未成功，同志仍需努力).

since 1920s, 2 dominant parties–the kmt , prc–see xinhai revolution quite differently. both sides recognize sun yat-sen father of nation, in taiwan, mean father of republic of china . on mainland, sun yat-sen seen man helped bring down qing, pre-condition communist state founded in 1949. prc views sun s work first step towards real revolution in 1949, when communists set independent state expelled foreigners , built military , industrial power. father of new china seen mao zedong. in 1954, liu shaoqi quoted saying xinhai revolution inserted concept of republic common people . zhou enlai pointed out xinhai revolution overthrew qing rule, ended 2000 years of monarchy, , liberated mind of people great extent, , opened path development of future revolution. great victory.

modern evaluation

commemorative coin, minted in taiwan in 2011

a change in belief revolution had been positive change began in late 1980s , 1990s, zhang shizhao quoted arguing when talking xinhai revolution, theorist these days tends overemphasize. word success way overused.

the success of democracy gained revolution can vary depending on 1 s view. after death of sun yat-sen in 1925, sixty years, kmt controlled 5 branches of government; none independent. yan jiaqi, founder of federation democratic china, has said sun yat-sen credited founding china s first republic in 1912, , second republic people of taiwan , political parties there democratizing region.

meanwhile, ideals of democracy far realised on mainland. example, former chinese premier wen jiabao once said in speech without real democracy, there no guarantee of economic , political rights; led 2011 crackdown against peaceful chinese jasmine protests. liu xiaobo, pro-democracy activist received global 2010 nobel peace prize, died in prison. others, such qin yongmin (秦永敏) of democracy party of china, released prison after twelve years, not praise xinhai revolution. qin yongmin said revolution replaced 1 dictator another, mao zedong not emperor, worse emperor.